application of seismic refraction

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS application-of-seismic-refraction-tomography-to-karst-cavities 1/1 Downloaded from corporatevault.emerson.edu on January 11, 2021 by guest [MOBI] Application Of Seismic Refraction Tomography To Karst Cavities Getting the books application of seismic refraction tomography to karst cavities now is not type of challenging means. \R�� Q�LZ�� T �E�X�qA��v�� During the past 30 years, seismic-refraction methods have been used extensively in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investigations and to some extent for hydrologic applications. There are two basic approaches to seismic refraction data analysis: layer-cake and tomographic inversion. View Academics in Application of Seismic Refraction in Groundwater Exploration on Academia.edu. 1920: Practical seismic reflection methods developed. the documents to your computer and open them with Adobe Reader. 1 Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi / Facultad de Ciencias Exactas … A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the A number of seismic profiles in the area were acquired, analyzed, and interpreted. 0000000887 00000 n For best results viewing and printing PDF documents, it is recommended that you download Applied seismic methods comprise sending impulses underground and registering the resulting refracted arrivals from subsurface interfaces on a number of receivers positioned on or near the surface. It was found that the seismic refraction survey produce the results which almost similar to the borehole method. Seismic refraction is a geophysical principle governed by Snell's Law of refraction. Introduction. What is Seismic Refraction? The SIRT method requires an initial velocity model that was obtained by conventional procedures of refraction analysis (e.g. 7). The processing routine of the seismic refraction data involved the following steps: Seismogram (Fig. Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies. Armando Luis Imhof 1, Manuel Sánchez 2, Carlos Calvo 3 and Adriana Martín 4. Within 10 years, the dominant method of hydrocarbon exploration. This geophysical method is based on the measurement of the arrival times of the seismic waves refracted by the interfaces between soil stratifications, characterised by different propagation speeds. Seismic refraction maps contrasts in seismic velocity – the speed at which seismic energy travels through soil and rock. Calculating the subsurface velocity profile. This manual briefly reviews the basics of seismic-refraction theory and principles. PDF documents opened from your More information The instruments used include a seismograph and spread cable of geophones. The 2D seismic P-wave refraction tomography (SRT) and 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods were used to characterize the landslides in this area. Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies. application of seismic refraction survey methods . The seismic refraction method utilizes the refraction of seismic waves by rock or soil layers to characterize the subsurface geologic conditions and geologic structure. 6 A seismogram with picked first breaks All picked travel times are put together and acoustic layers assigned (Fig. 103 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 105 /H [ 887 281 ] /L 1453836 /E 94325 /N 14 /T 1451657 >> endobj xref 103 24 0000000016 00000 n in foundation evaluation in parts of legon-adenta . 6). The results of these studies indicate that refraction tomography is able to resolve karst features under some conditions. 0000015944 00000 n ��O100~t``�J�+ "��_�f80� 2d�6t endstream endobj 126 0 obj 172 endobj 105 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 577 757 ] /Parent 99 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 106 0 R >> /XObject << /im1 124 0 R >> /ProcSet 122 0 R >> /Contents [ 108 0 R 110 0 R 112 0 R 114 0 R 116 0 R 118 0 R 120 0 R 123 0 R ] /CropBox [ 0 0 577 757 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 106 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F0 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 107 0 obj 2108 endobj 108 0 obj << /Filter /LZWDecode /Length 107 0 R >> stream In this research the seismic reflection method has been used and studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings. The seismic refraction technique is a classic geophysical method applicable to a variety of engineering and environmental projects. During inversions, ray tracing and SIRT are applied to the velocity model, until the root mean square (RMS) error on the difference between the observed and calculated travel times is minimized. It emphasizes the use of this technique in hydrologic investigations and describes the planning, equipment, field procedures, and intrepretation techniques needed for this type of study. �D Ѩ�l.�P�k��F3l^i6�DCx4@ 0000013953 00000 n (b) The inversion model of 2-D resistivity imaging. 0000003805 00000 n Application of Refraction Microtremor (ReMi) for Seismic Site Characterisation G.M. Emmanuel Addai *,Van-Dycke Sarpong Asare, Akwasi Acheampong Aning* * Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. 76 Figure 4.18 (a) The actual distance of both survey line in one profile. by . An Introduction to Seismic Refraction Theory and Application 1. These methods allow the economical collection of subsurface data, provide the basis for more efficient collection of data by test drilling or aquifer tests, and result in improved hydrologic studies. Aquifers that can be defined by one or more high seismic-velocity surfaces, such as (1) alluvial or glacial deposits in consolidated rock valleys, (2) limestone or sandstone underlain by metamorphic or igneous rock, or (3) saturated unconsolidated deposits overlain by unsaturated unconsolidated deposits,are ideally suited for applying seismic-refraction methods. With this assumption and by measuring the travel time of the refracted seismic waves, the thickness and dip angle of each ground layer can be obtained ( Sheriff and Geldart, 1995 ). (PDF). 6) is imported and first arrivals are picked (red dashes in Fig. 0000005778 00000 n Application of Shallow Seismic Refraction and 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging to Site Investigations . v��y��9 ��2��ʞ�.��9p@�k~��3&Yi=�ۛ��ܠ�+�C�.6����:� �2�ˉ��@�j�I�ߘh�Η��w��ļ�x'��7=}�mx�ї�m~��0�y�t�P�n~�� Σ�Lr�I'4��2)�wS�ul`j��WQ�N^F�i�s1��;0U��U�l|p�|�S�j��4B@�CpiO -�Ex��8��G&��Љ��8�1��W�Rʡ�w'\�Sx�T 0000015879 00000 n 0000001596 00000 n Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The ERT technique was applied using four lines over and outside of the landslide scar using the Wenner electrode configuration. H�c```g``.g`a`�8�A��X��b�Z�L�q3�9��r��vn�t�A�`տ��*I��t$I�)vd One can study subsurface velocity and layer interface structure by analyzing the first arrival times of P-waves (longitudinal or compressional waves) at the surface of the earth. ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Conventional interpretation of seismic refraction data visualizes the subsurface as a layered medium where each layer has a discrete seismic velocity. 0000007818 00000 n In this study, a seismic refraction survey was conducted to map the topography of bedrock in Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate of Oman. 0000011938 00000 n A!�FrH3�t��j蟱(h�i �2��+a.��,pp��K�\��*o�c�y�(�Q*Kv��$�Kb9YfLћ8؜� 50q��$z�"�NȠ��+9O��yL¯�� #�t1��D6�H �Lp ��2L�A��m��g4AՂH�W��=�x�Ѣk�1�5��VSVy�SQ�6f�`e��@K'�W�w��a�6�A�݋M��1O��-�)FWl{ �1��< Mk��+0 3�F��_y-��ٔ��A2��FƏ8i�TϘ��L$ُ�t �*v��Yy��}p��62vO��+3��3�! Seismic methods have long been recognized as an effective tool for studying the shallow subsurface for a variety of applications, such as engineering problems, geotechnical evaluations, environmental studies, hydrogeological investigations, seismic risk assessment, archeology, etc. 0000009876 00000 n 0000003782 00000 n The inversion technique of Nowack and Lutter (1988a) and Lutter et al. 0000013976 00000 n 1916: Seismic refraction developed to locate artillery guns by measurement of recoil. For three years we have used synthetic and field data to investigate the effectiveness of commercial refraction tomography codes on both simple and complex subsurface velocity structures, with the ultimate goal of determining the suitability of the method for karst problems. 0000011915 00000 n Seismic Refraction (SR) is a surface geophysics method that utilizes the refraction of seismic waves on geology layers and rock/soil units to characterize subsurface geologic conditions. Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies. 0000001573 00000 n 0000017920 00000 n Common applications include: Mapping depth to bedrock and bedrock topography. SEISMIC REFRACTION THEORY Seismic refraction requires the generation of a sound wave into the subsurface of the earth and an instrument to measure the return of the refracted waves. Examples of the use of seismic-refraction techniques in a wide variety of hydrologic studies are presented. A lock ( The seismograph measures the travel times of elastic waves through the subsurface of the earth. 0000005801 00000 n Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England F. P. Haeni* ABSTRACT Seismic refraction methods have been extensively used in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investi- gations, and to some extent for hydrologic applications, during the past 30 years. 0ol�� *UeT庢��d��z�(x��G��y[�@a[KqoD�?%A�p9$ꈠ��I�#�./>6@��rgl��S�jӺ_��e�Gб�M��hF��h%�ap�z0��J��U>~��3%NND��V3SYu3)�l!�0� ��@ This parameter typically correlates well with rock hardness and density, which in turn tend to correlate with changes in lithology, degree of fracturing, water content, and weathering. During the past 30 years, seismic-refraction methods have been used extensively in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investigations, and to some extent for hydrologic applications. 77 Figure 4.19 The overlay of seismic refraction profile on the 0000015902 00000 n browser may not display or print as intended. This technique is termed seismic refraction. (c) The seismic refraction profile. 84-746, Explore recent publications by USGS authors, Browse all of Pubs Warehouse by publication type and year, Descriptions of US Geological Survey Report Series, Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies(1988), Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies. 0000001452 00000 n Seismic refraction is commonly limited to mapping bedrock depths and rippabilities at depths less than 100 feet, and is generally applicable only where the seismic velocities of layers increase with depth. 0000009853 00000 n 0000001146 00000 n %PDF-1.2 %�� An official website of the United States government. Figure 4.17 Seismic refraction profile overlapped on the outcrop of Guar Jentik, Perlis. 1921: ‘Seismos’ company founded to use seismic refraction to map salt domes, often associated with hydrocarbon traps. (�1%�W��Κ�̩��(a��G)/�Lޙd �N��:G"�)$�{��T The former is the more traditional approach, although tomography has become more popular as faster com… In this paper, an uphole refraction survey was carried out at the location of LISO Field in Niger Delta Nigeria in order to determine/estimate the thickness and velocities of the strata with a view to ascertaining the suitability of these layers for seismic reflection data acquisition and engineering structures. �Ry@�Y)�He1`�S65R�ѭ0f6N�Sb �uC(�F�8 ��J�`p5��Y6$�i�OF2a�>��Z�#i�r�4�J��A8��ya �j.�F#(��#|�t]��t\��eE�hv��F3��:��ۙ6�b)�U ��:n��h��f�9��:H3Լ�0DƇ��o㆞��8f�) ��4��B�+"��5!��m��BN;K��k��0r��@��f��;0{�6B*H��@d�'�Ծ�6��f6�Ě�@�ڕ'��ܤ�3m��$��]"KĴˉ2��,�Ar��3�D��M�%9�{��n�rݫ2��h�I��2�R�oE��!�fעIe 3t��J��bR�)Q�aN#��6 #�: #x�\6Ux\�01�˼�4'��t� �5��8��uMl��w��SD9��H�6۷��:��T��DC�bQ�D9�0�0�wŅ'��0�ּ��I�OPh�: x�9�xn��œ_��)4Q��qȱk� ��!F Burger, 1992). ��I/ �ҵ��)P� *�. Seismic refraction technique, in especial, has faced during the 30 years an increased application in the study of engineering site selected. principles. (1990) has been applied to first arrival seismic refraction data collected along Line A of the 1986 Lake Superior GLIMPCE experiment, permitting comparison of the inversion image with an independently derived forward model (Trehu et al., 1991; Shay and Trehu, in press). Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves.The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name Vibroseis. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Manual EM 1110-1-1802 adapted by ASCE (1998) provides a more current review of the method. The targeted rock lies beneath unconsolidated rocks. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge. trailer << /Size 127 /Info 98 0 R /Root 104 0 R /Prev 1451646 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 104 0 obj << /Pages 102 0 R /Type /Catalog >> endobj 125 0 obj << /S 149 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 126 0 R >> stream 0000000830 00000 n Open-File Report Seismic refraction was the first major geophysical method to be applied in the search for oil bearing structures but its application in oil exploration is reduce over years due to variety of the modern reflection surveys. Providing elastic properties of the subsurface for engineering design. Recent advances in equipment, 0000007841 00000 n 0000001168 00000 n LockA locked padlock This includes major projects such as delineating solution cavities in foundation rocks, construction of hydroelectric power … Basavanagowda Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India L.Govindaraju & Chethan K. University Visvesvaraya college of Engineering, Bangalore, India R. Ramesh Babu Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore, India SUMMARY: For more general application of seismic refraction methods, Redpath (1973) and Mooney (1984) provide classic introductions to the seismic refraction technique. about viewing, downloading, and printing report files can be found here. During the past 30 years, seismic-refraction methods have been used extensively in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investigations, and to some extent for hydrologic applications. Fig. Official websites use .gov areas, greater accra region . Application of seismic refraction tomography for tunnel design in Santa Clara Mountain, San Juan, Argentina. Application of seismic refraction techniques to selected complex mining exploration problems has been attempted using special procedures for operation and interpretation. The seismic reflection method has been used extensively in mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments. Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (��E@h�0�ġQ��d8 �0��m��c��$r3ňШ8�i;*��@�qG��p��w United States. Application of Seismic Refraction Tomography in Delineating Subsurface Geology and Weathering Structures in Parts of Osubi Delta State Orji Omafume M*1, Eze Stanley2 1,Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geoscience, Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, Nigeria. Academics in application of Shallow seismic refraction technique is a classic geophysical applicable... An increased application in the United States to address problems associated with hydrocarbon traps be found here the. Groundwater exploration on Academia.edu website belongs to an official government organization in the study of engineering and projects! Analysis ( e.g Guar Jentik, Perlis a discrete seismic velocity cable of.. 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